Birds, The

By Aristophanes

The Birds: Part IV

The Birds: Part IV

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The Birds: Part IV

Chorus (singing). War, a terrible war is breaking out between us and the gods! Come, let each one guard Air, the son of Erebus, in which the clouds float. Take care no immortal enters it without our knowledge.
Leader of the Chorus. Scan all sides with your glance. Hark! I think I hear the rustle of the swift wings of a god from heaven. (The Machine brings in Iris in the form of a young girl.)

Pisthetaerus. Hi! you woman! Where, where, where are you flying to? Halt, don`t stir! keep motionless! not a beat of your wings! (She pauses in her flight.) Who are you, and from what country? You must tell us.
Iris. I come from the abode of the Olympian gods.

Pisthetaerus. What`s your name, ship, or head-dress?

Iris. I am swift Iris.

Pisthetaerus. Paralus or Salaminia?

Iris. What do you mean?

Pisthetaerus. Get a buzzard to arrest her, quick!

Iris. Arrest me? But what do all these insults mean?

Pisthetaerus. Too bad for you!

Iris. I do not understand it.

Pisthetaerus. By which gate did you pass through the wall, wretched woman?

Iris. By which gate? Why, great gods, I don`t know.

Pisthetaerus. You hear how she holds us in derision? - Did you present yourself to the officers in command of the jays? You don`t answer. Have you a permit, bearing the seal of the storks?

Iris. Am I dreaming?

Pisthetaerus. Did you get one?

Iris. Are you mad?

Pisthetaerus. No head-bird gave you a safe-conduct?

Iris. A safe-conduct to me? You poor fool!

Pisthetaerus. Ah! and so you slipped into this city on the sly and into these realms of air-land that don`t belong to you.

Iris. And what other roads can the gods travel?

Pisthetaerus. By God! I know nothing about that, not I, but they won`t pass this way. And you still dare to complain? Why, if you were treated as you deserve, no Iris would ever meet a juster death.

Iris. I am immortal.

Pisthetaerus. You would have died nevertheless. - Oh, intolerable! What! should the universe obey us, and the gods alone continue their insolence and not understand that they must submit to the law of the strongest in their due turn? But tell me: where are you flying to?

Iris. I? The messenger of Zeus to mankind, I am going to tell them to sacrifice sheep and oxen on the altars and to fill their streets with the rich smoke of burning fat.

Pisthetaerus. Of which gods are you speaking?

Iris. Of which? Why, of ourselves, the gods of heaven.
Pisthetaerus. You, gods?

Iris. Are there others, then?

Pisthetaerus. Men now adore the birds as gods, and it`s to them, by Zeus, that they must offer sacrifices, and not to Zeus at all!

Iris (in tragic style). Of fool, fool! Rouse not the wrath of the gods, for it is terrible indeed. Armed with the brand of Zeus, Justice would annihilate your race; the lightning would strike you as it did Licymnius and consume both your body and the porticos of your palace.

Pisthetaerus. Here! that`s enough big talk. Just you listen and keep quiet! Do you take me for a Lydian or a Phrygian and think to frighten me with your swagger? Know, that if Zeus worries me again, I shall go at the head of my eagles armed with lightning and reduce his dwelling and that of Amphion to cinders. I shall send more than six hundred porphyrions clothed in leopards` skins up to heaven against him; and formerly a single Porphyrion gave him enough to do. As for you, his messenger, if you annoy me, I shall begin by getting between your thighs, and even though you are Iris, you will be surprised at the erection an old man can produce: it`s three times as good as the ram on a ship`s prow!

Iris. You damnable wretch! Your infamous words!

Pisthetaerus. Won`t you get out of here quickly? Come, stretch your wings, or look out for squalls!

Iris. If my father does not punish you for your insults ... (The machine takes Iris away.)

Pisthetaerus. Ha! . . . but just you be off elsewhere to roast younger folk than us with your lightning.

Chorus (singing). We forbid the gods, the sons of Zeus, to pass through our city, and the mortals to send them the smoke of their sacrifices by this road.

Pisthetaerus. It`s odd that the messenger we sent to the mortals has never returned. (The Herald enters, wearing a golden garland on his head.)
Herald. O blessed Pisthetaerus, very wise, very illustrious, very gracious, thrice happy, very . . . Come, prompt me, somebody, do -
Pisthetaerus. Get to your story!

Herald. All peoples are filled with admiration for your wisdom, and they award you this golden crown.

Pisthetaerus. I accept it. But tell me, why do the people admire me?
Herald. O you, who have founded so illustrious a city in the air, you know not in what esteem men hold you and how many there are who burn with desire to dwell here. Before your city was built, all men had a mania for Sparta: long hair and fasting were held in honor, men went dirty like Socrates and carried staves. Now all is changed. First, as soon as it`s dawn they all spring out of bed together to go and seek their food, the same as you do. Then they fly off towards the notices, and finally devour the decrees. The bird-madness is so popular that many actually take the names of birds. There is a lame victualler who calls himself Partridge; Menippus calls himself the swallow, Opuntius, the one-eyed crow; Philocles, the lark; Theogenes, the fox-goose; Lycurgus, the ibis; Chaerephon, the bat; Syracusius, the magpie; Midias, the quail: indeed he looks like a quail that has been hit hard on the head. Out of love for the birds they repeat all the songs which concern the swallow, the teal, the goose or the pigeon; in each verse you see wings, or at all events a few feathers. This is what is happening down there. Finally, there are more than ten thousand people who are coming here from earth to ask you for feathers and hooked claws; so mind you supply yourself with wings for the immigrants.

Pisthetaerus. Ah, by God, there`s no time for idling! (To some slaves) Go as quick as possible and fill every hamper, every basket you can find, with wings. Manes will bring them to me outside the walls, and I will welcome those who present themselves.

Chorus (singing). This town will soon be inhabited by a crowd of men. Fortune favors us alone, and so they have fallen in love with our city.
Pisthetaerus (to the slave Manes, who brings in a basket full of wings). Come, hurry up and bring them along.

Chorus (singing). Will not man find here everything that can please him - wisdom, love, the divine Graces, the sweet face of gentle peace?
Pisthetaerus (as Manes comes in with another basket). O you lazy servant! won`t you hurry yourself?

Chorus (singing). Let a basket of wings be brought speedily. Come, beat him as I do, and put some life into him, he is as lazy as an ass.
Pisthetaerus. Yes, Manes is a great clod.

Chorus (singing). Begin by putting this heap of wings in order; divide them in three parts according to the birds from whom they came: the singing, the prophetic and the aquatic birds. Then you must take care to distribute them to the men according to their character.

Pisthetaerus (to Manes, who is bringing in another basket). Oh, by the kestrels! I can keep my hands off you no longer; you are too slow and lazy altogether! (He hits Manes, who runs away. A young Parricide enters.)
Parricide (singing). Oh might I but become an eagle who soars in the skies! Oh might I fly above the azure waves of the barren sea!
Pisthetaerus. Ha! It would seem the news was true. I hear someone coming who talks of wings.

Parricide. Nothing is more charming than flying: I am bird-mad and fly toward you, for I want to live with you and obey your laws.
Pisthetaerus. Which laws? The birds have many laws.

Parricide. All of them; but the one that pleases me most is that among the birds it is considered a fine thing to peck and strangle one`s father.
Pisthetaerus. Yes, by God! According to us, he who dares to strike his father, while still a chick, is a brave fellow.

Parricide. And therefore I want to dwell here, for I want to strangle my father and inherit his wealth.

Pisthetaerus. But we have also an ancient law written in the code of the storks, which runs thus: `When the stork father has reared his young and has taught them to fly, the young must in their turn support the father.`
Parricide (petulantly). It`s hardly worth while coming all this distance to be compelled to keep my father!

Pisthetaerus. No, no, young friend, since you have come to us with such willingness, I am going to give you these black wings, as though you were an orphan bird. Furthermore, some good advice that I received myself in infancy. Don`t strike your father, but take these wings in one hand and these spurs in the other; imagine you have a cock`s crest on your head, and go mount guard and fight. Live on your pay and respect your father`s life. You`re a gallant fellow! Very well, then! Fly to Thrace and fight.

Parricide. By Dionysus, you`re right; I will follow your counsel.
Pisthetaerus. It`s acting wisely, by Zeus. (The Parricide departs, and the dithyrambic poet Cinesias arrives, singing.)

Cinesias. `On my light pinions I soar off to Olympus; in its capricious flight my Muse flutters along the thousand paths of poetry in turn . . .`
Pisthetaerus. This fellow will need a whole shipload of wings.
Cinesias (singing). `. . . and being fearless and vigorous, it is seeking fresh outlet.`

Pisthetaerus. Welcome, Cinesias, you lime-wood man! Why have you come here twisting your game leg in circles?

Cinesias (singing). `I want to become a bird, a tuneful nightingale.`
Pisthetaerus. Enough of that sort of ditty. Tell me what you want.
Cinesias. Give me wings and I will fly into the topmost air to gather fresh songs in the clouds, in the midst of the vapors and the fleecy snow.
Pisthetaerus. Gather songs in the clouds?

Cinesias. `Tis on them the whole of our latter-day art depends. The most brilliant dithyrambs are those that flap their wings in empty space and are clothed in mist and dense obscurity. To appreciate this, just listen.
Pisthetaerus. Oh no, no, no!

Cinesias. By Hermes, but indeed you shall! (He sings) `I shall travel through thine ethereal empire like a winged bird who cleaveth space with his long neck . . .`

Pisthetaerus. Stop! Way enough!

Cinesias. `. . . as I soar over the seas, carried by the breath of the winds . . .`

Pisthetaerus. By God, I`ll cut your breath short! (He picks up a pair of wings and begins trying to stop Cinesias` mouth with them. Cinesias runs away.)

Cinesias. `. . . now rushing along the tracks of Notus, now nearing Boreas across the infinite wastes of the ether.` - Ah! old man, that`s a pretty and clever idea, truly!

Pisthetaerus. What, are you not delighted to be cleaving the air?
Cinesias. To treat a dithyrambic poet, for whom the tribes dispute with each other, in this style!

Pisthetaerus. Will you stay with us and form a chorus of winged birds as slender as Leotrophides for the Cecropid tribe?

Cinesias. You are making fun of me, that`s clear; but know that I shall never leave you in peace if I do not have wings wherewith to traverse the air. (Cinesias departs and an Informer arrives.)

Informer. What are these birds with downy feathers who look so pitiable to me? `Tell me, swallow with the dappled long wings.`

Pisthetaerus. Oh, it`s a regular invasion that threatens us! Here comes another one, humming along.

Informer. `Swallow with the dappled long wings,` once more I summon you.
Pisthetaerus. It`s his cloak I believe he`s addressing; it stands in great need of the swallow`s return.

Informer. Where is he who gives out wings to all comers?
Pisthetaerus. Here I am, but you must tell me for what purpose you want them.

Informer. Ask no questions. I want wings, and wings I must have.
Pisthetaerus. Do you want to fly straight to Pellene?

Informer. I? Why, I am an accuser of the islands, an informer . . .
Pisthetaerus. A fine trade, truly!

Informer. . . . a hatcher of lawsuits. Hence I have great need of wings to prowl round the cities and drag people to justice.

Pisthetaerus. Would you do this better if you had wings?
Informer. No, but I should no longer fear the pirates. I should return with the cranes, loaded with a supply of lawsuits by way of ballast.
Pisthetaerus. So it seems that in spite of all your youthful vigor you make it your trade to denounce strangers?

Informer. Well, why not? I don`t know how to dig.

Pisthetaerus. But, by God, there are honest ways of getting a living at your age without all this infamous trickery.

Informer. My friend, I am asking you for wings, not for words.
Pisthetaerus. It`s just my words that give you wings.

Informer. And how can you give a man wings with your words?
Pisthetaerus. They all start this way.

Informer. How?

Pisthetaerus. Have you not often heard a father say to young men in the barber-shops, `It`s astonishing how Diitrephes` advice has made my son fly to horseriding.` - `Mine,` says another, `has flown toward tragic poetry on the wings of his imagination.`

Informer. So words give wings?

Pisthetaerus. Undoubtedly; words give wings to the mind and make a man soar to heaven. Thus I hope that my wise words will give you wings to fly to some less degrading trade.

Informer. But I don`t want to.

Pisthetaerus. What do you plan to do, then?

Informer. I won`t let my family down. From generation to generation we have lived by informing. Quick, therefore, give me some light swift hawk or kestrel wings, so that I may summon the islanders, sustain the accusation here, and haste back there again on flying pinions.

Pisthetaerus. I see. In this way the stranger will be condemned even before he appears.

Informer. Exactly.

Pisthetaerus. And while he is on his way here by sea, you will be flying to the islands to despoil him of his property.

Informer. You`ve hit it, precisely; I must whirl hither and thither like a perfect humming-top.

Pisthetaerus. I catch the idea. Wait, I`ve got some fine Corcyraean wings. How do you like them?

Informer. Oh! Why, it`s a whip!

Pisthetaerus. No, no; these are the wings, I tell you, that make the top spin.

Informer (as Pisthetaerus lashes him). Oh! oh! oh!

Pisthetaerus. Take your flight, clear off, you miserable cur, or you will soon see what comes of quibbling and lying. (The Informer flees.) (To his slaves) Come, let us gather up our wings and go in. (The baskets are taken away.)

Chorus (singing). In my ethereal flights I have seen many things new and strange and wondrous beyond belief. There is a tree called Cleonymus belonging to an unknown species; it has no heart, is good for nothing, and is as tall as it is cowardly. In springtime it shoots forth calumnies, instead of buds, and in autumn it strews the ground with shields in place of leaves.
Far away in the regions of darkness, where no ray of light ever enters, there is a country where men sit at the table of the heroes and dwell with them always - except in the evening. Should any mortal meet the hero Orestes at night, he would soon be stripped and covered with blows from head to foot. (Prometheus enters, masked to conceal his identity.)

Prometheus. Ah, by the gods! if only Zeus does not see me! Where is Pisthetaerus?

Pisthetaerus. Ha, what is this? A masked man!

Prometheus. Can you see any god behind me?

Pisthetaerus. No, none. But who are you?

Prometheus. What`s the time, please?

Pisthetaerus. The time? Why, it`s past noon. Who are you?
Prometheus. Is it the fall of day? Is it no later than that?
Pisthetaerus. This is getting dull!

Prometheus. What is Zeus doing? Is he dispersing the clouds or gathering them?

Pssthetaerus. Watch out for yourself!

Prometheus. Come, I will raise my mask.

Pisthetaerus. Ah! my dear Prometheus!

Prometheus. Sh! Sh! Speak lower!

Pisthetaerus. Why, what`s the matter, Prometheus?

Prometheus. Sh! Sh! Don`t call me by my name; you will be my ruin if Zeus should see me here. But if you want me to tell you how things are going in heaven, take this umbrella and hide me so the gods won`t see me.
Pisthetaerus. I recognize my Prometheus in this cunning trick. Come, quick then, fear nothing; speak on.

Prometheus. Then listen.

Pisthetaerus. I am listening. Go ahead.

Prometheus. Zeus is done for.

Pisthetaerus. Ah! And since when, pray?

Prometheus. Since you founded this city in the air. There is not a man who now sacrifices to the gods; the smoke of the victims no longer reaches us. Not the smallest offering comes! We fast as though it were the festival of Demeter. The barbarian gods, dying of hunger, are bawling like Illyrians and threatening to make an armed descent upon Zeus if he does not open markets where joints of the victims are sold.

Pisthetaerus. What! There are other gods besides you, barbarian gods who dwell above Olympus?

Prometheus. If there were no barbarian gods, who would be the patron of Execestides?

Pisthetaerus. And what is the name of these gods?

Prometheus. Their name? Why, the Triballi.

Pisthetaerus. Ah, indeed! `Tis from that no doubt that we derive the word `tribulation.`

Prometheus. Most likely. But one thing I can tell you for certain, namely, that Zeus and the celestial Triballi are going to send deputies here to sue for peace. Now don`t you treat with them, unless Zeus restores the sceptre to the birds and gives you Basileia in marriage.
Pisthetaerus. Who is this Basileia?

Prometheus. A very fine young lady who makes the lightning for Zeus; all things come from her, wisdom, good laws, virtue, the fleet, calumnies, the public paymaster, and the triobolus.

Pisthetaerus. Ah! Then she is a sort of general manageress to the god?
Prometheus. Yes, precisely. If he gives you her for your wife, yours will be the almighty power. That is what I have come to tell you; for you know my constant and habitual goodwill towards men.

Pisthetaerus. Oh yes! It`s thanks to you that we roast meat.
Prometheus. I hate the gods, as you know.

Pisthetaerus. Yes, by God, you have always detested them.
Prometheus. Toward them I am a veritable Timon. But I must return in all haste, so give me the umbrella: if Zeus should see me from up there, he would think I was escorting one of the Canephori.

Pisthetaerus. Wait, take this stool as well. (Prometheus leaves; Pisthetaerus goes into the thicket.)

Chorus (singing). Near by the land of the Sciapodes there is a marsh, from the borders whereof the unwashed Socrates evokes the souls of men. Pisander came one day to see his soul, which he had left there when still alive. He offered a little victim, a camel, slit its throat, and, following the example of Odysseus, stepped one pace backwards. Then that bat of a Chaerephon came up from hell to drink the camel`s blood. (Poseidon enters, accompanied by Heracles and Triballus.)

Poseidon. This is the city of Cloudcuckooland, to which we come as ambassadors. (To Triballus) Hi, what are you up to? You are throwing your cloak over the left shoulder. Come, fling it quick over the right! And why, pray, does it draggle in this fashion? Have you ulcers to hide, like Laespodias? Oh democracy! whither, oh whither art thou leading us? Is it possible that the gods have chosen such an envoy? You are undisturbed? Ugh, you cursed savage! you are the most barbarous of all the gods. - Tell me, Heracles, what are we going to do?

Heracles. I have already told you that I want to strangle the fellow who dared wall us out.

Poseidon. But, my friend, we are envoys of peace.

Heracles. All the more reason why I wish to strangle him. (Pisthetaerus comes out of the thicket, followed by slaves carrying various kitchen utensils; one of them sets up a table on which he places poultry dressed for roasting.)

Pisthetaerus. Hand me the cheese-grater; bring me the silphium for sauce; pass me the cheese, and watch the coals.

Poseidon. Mortal, we who greet you are three gods.

Pisthetaerus. Wait a bit till I have prepared my silphium pickle.
Heracles. What are these meats?

Pisthetaerus. These are birds that have been punished with death for attacking the people`s friends.

Heracles. And you are going to season them before answering us?
Pisthetaerus (looking up from his work for the first time). Ah. Heracles! Welcome, welcome! What`s the matter?

Poseidon. The gods have sent us here as ambassadors to treat for peace.
Pisthetaerus (ignoring this). There`s no more oil in the flask.
Heracles. And yet the birds must be thoroughly basted with it.
Poseidon. We have no interest to serve in fighting you. As for you, be friends and we promise that you shall always have rain-water in your pools and the warmest of warm weather. So far as these points go we are plenipotentiaries.

Pisthetaerus. We have never been the aggressors, and even now we are as well disposed for peace as yourselves, provided you agree to one equitable condition, namely, that Zeus yield his sceptre to the birds. If only this is agreed to, I invite the ambassadors to dinner.

Heracles. That`s good enough for me. I vote for peace.
Poseidon. You wretch, you are nothing but a fool and a glutton. Do you want to dethrone your own father?

Pisthetaerus. What an error. Why, the gods will be much more powerful if the birds govern the earth. At present the mortals are hidden beneath the clouds, escape your observation, and commit perjury in your name; but if you had the birds for your allies, and a man, after having sworn by the crow and Zeus, should fail to keep his oath, the crow would dive down upon him unawares and pluck out his eye.

Poseidon. Well thought of, by Poseidon!

Heracles. My notion, too.

Pisthetaerus (to Triballus). And you, what`s your opinion?
Triballus. Nabaisatreu.

Pisthetaerus. See? he approves, too. But listen, here is another thing in which we can serve you. If a man vows to offer a sacrifice to some god, and then procrastinates, pretending that the gods can wait, and thus does not keep his word, we shall punish his stinginess.

Poseidon. Ah? and how?

Pisthetaerus. While he is counting his money, or is in the bath, a kite will relieve him, before he knows it, either in coin or in clothes, of the value of a couple of sheep, and carry it to the god.

Heracles. I vote for restoring them the sceptre.

Poseidon. Ask Triballus.

Heracles. Hi! Triballus, do you want a thrashing?

Triballus. Sure, bashum head withum stick.

Heracles. He says, `Right willingly.`

Poseidon. If that is the opinion of both of you, why, I consent too.
Heracles. Very well. We accord you the sceptre.

Pisthetaerus. Ah! I was nearly forgetting another condition. I will leave Hera to Zeus, but only if the young Basileia is given me in marriage.
Poseidon. Then you don`t want peace. Let`s withdraw.

Pisthetaerus. It matters mighty little to me. Cook, keep an eye on the gravy.

Heracles. What an odd fellow this Poseidon is! Where are you off to? Are we going to war about a woman?

Poseidon. What else is there to do?

Heracles. What else? Why, conclude peace.

Poseidon. Oh, you bonehead! do you always want to be fooled? Why, you are arranging your own downfall. If Zeus were to die after having yielded them the sovereignty, you would be ruined, for you are the heir of all the wealth he will leave behind.

Pisthetaerus. Oh, by the gods, how he is cajoling you! Step aside, let me have a word with you. Your uncle is getting the better of you, my poor friend. The law will not allow a penny of the paternal property, for you are a bastard and not a legitimate child.

Heracles. I a bastard! What`s that you tell me?

Pisthetaerus. Why, certainly; are you not born of a stranger woman? Besides, is not Athene recognized as Zeus` sole heiress? And no daughter would be that if she had a legitimate brother.

Heracles. But what if my father wanted to give me his property on his death-bed, even though I was a bastard?

Pisthetaerus. The law forbids it, and this same Poseidon would be the first to lay claim to his wealth, in virtue of being his legitimate brother. Listen: thus runs Solon`s law: `A bastard shall not inherit if there are legitimate children; and if there are no legitimate children, the property shall pass to the nearest kin.`

Heracles. And I get nothing whatever of the paternal property?
Pisthetaerus. Absolutely nothing. But tell me, has your father had you entered on the registers of his phratry?

Heracles. No, and I have been surprised that he hasn`t.
Pisthetaerus. Why do you shake your fist at heaven? Do you want to fight? Why, be on my side, I will make you a king and feed you on bird`s milk and honey.

Heracles. Your further condition seems fair to me. I cede you the young damsel.

Poseidon. But I, I vote against this.

Pisthetaerus. Then it all depends on the Triballus. (To the Triballus) What do you say?

Triballus. Givum bird pretty gal bigum queen.

Heracles. He says give her.

Poseidon. Why, no, he does not say anything of the sort, or else, like the swallows, he`s incompetent.

Pisthetaerus. Exactly so. Does he not say she must be given to the swallows?

Poseidon (resignedly). All right, you two arrange the matter. Make peace, since you wish it so; I`ll shut up.

Heracles. We are of a mind to grant you all that you ask. But come up there with us to receive Basileia and the celestial bounty.
Pisthetaerus. Here are birds already dressed, and very suitable for a wedding breakfast.

Heracles. You go, and if you like, I`ll stay here to roast them.
Pisthetaerus. You roast them? You`re too hungry. Come along with us.
Heracles. Ah, how well I would have treated myself!

Pisthetaerus. Let someone bring me a beautiful and magnificent tunic for the wedding. (The tunic is brought, Pisthetaerus and the three gods depart.)
Chorus (singing). At Phanae, near the Clepsydra, there dwells a people who have neither faith nor law, the Englottogastors, who reap, sow, pluck the lines and the figs with their tongues; they belong to a barbaric race, and among them the Philippi and the Gorgiases are to be found. `Tis these Englottogastorian Philippi who introduced the custom all over Attica of cutting out the tongue separately at sacrifices.

(A Messenger enters.)

Messenger (in tragic style). O you whose unbounded happiness I cannot express in words, thrice happy race of airy birds, receive your king in your fortunate dwellings. More brilliant than the brightest star that illumes the earth, he is approaching his glittering golden palace; the sun itself does not shine with more dazzling glory. He is entering with his bride at his side, whose beauty no human tongue can express; in his hand he brandishes the lightning, the winged shaft of Zeus; perfumes of unspeakable sweetness pervade the ethereal realms. `Tis a glorious spectacle to see the clouds of incense wafting in light whirlwinds before the breath of the zephyr! But here he is himself. Divine Muse, let thy sacred lips begin with songs of happy omen. (Pisthetaerus enters, with a crown on his head; he is accompanied by Basileia.)

Chorus (singing). Fall back! to the right! to the left! advance! Fly around this happy mortal, whom Fortune loads with her blessings. Oh the grace! the beauty! Oh marriage so auspicious for our city! All honor to this man! `tis through him that the birds are called to such glorious destinies. Let your nuptial hymns, your nuptial songs, greet him and his Basileia! `Twas in the midst of such festivities that the Fates formerly united Olympian Hera to the King who governs the gods from the summit of his inaccessible throne. O Hymen! O Hymenaeus! Rosy Eros with the golden wings held the reins and guided the chariot; `twas he who presided over the union of Zeus and the fortunate Hera. O Hymen! O Hymenaeus!

Pisthetaerus. I am delighted with your songs, I applaud your verses. Now celebrate the thunder that shakes the earth, the flaming lightning of Zeus and the terrible flashing thunderbolt.

Chorus (singing). O thou golden flash of the lightning! ye divine shafts of flame that Zeus has hitherto shot forth! O ye rolling thunders, that bring down the rain! `Tis by the order of our king that ye shall now stagger the earth! O Hymen! `Tis through thee that he commands the universe and that he makes Basileia, whom he has robbed from Zeus, take her seat at his side. O Hymen! O Hymenaeus!

Pisthetaerus (singing). Let all the winged tribes of our fellow-citizens follow the bridal couple to the palace of Zeus and to the nuptial couch! Stretch forth your hands, my dear wife! Take hold of me by my wings and let us dance. I will lift you up and carry you through the air. (Pisthetaerus and Basileia leave, dancing; the Chorus follows them.)

Chorus(singing). Alalai! Ie Paion! Tenella Kallinike! Loftiest of the gods!


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Resources On The Web

Aristophanes - Aristophanes biography & link to plays

MONOLOGUES BY ARISTOPHANES - Molologues & links to biogaphic resorces

Aristophanes by Alice in Theaterland - Conmtains Bio breakdown of when plays appeared

Aristophanes Index - Biography of the Greek dramatist

ARISTOPHANES Forum Frigate - A message board dedicated to the works of ARISTOPHANES

Aristophanes - Contains biographical timeline, analysis of plays,more links, message board and much more. A great resorce


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